Academic experience satisfaction of pharmacy and dentistry students

Objective: To assess the psychometric properties of the Academic Experience Satisfaction Scale (ESEA) applied to Pharmacy and Dentistry students and investigate the effect of demographic and course-related characteristics on the ESEA factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Academic satisfaction was assessed by the ESEA. Construct validity was measured by confirmatory factor analysis (CFI, TLI, RMSEA). The composite reliability (CR) and the ordinal α were estimated. Structural model was elaborated considering demographic and course-related characteristics as the independent variable and ESEA factors as the dependent variables. The model fit and path estimates significance (β) were evaluated (z test; α = 5%). Results: 544 students participated in the study (70.0% female; mean age: 21.4 ± 2.4 years; 52.4% dental students). ESEA showed adequate fit to the data (CFI = 0.90; TLI = 0.90; RMSEA = 0.064, CR and α ≥ 0.88). In general, students reported being satisfied with their academic experience. Dental students and those from the first and second years of the course showed greater satisfaction with the academic experience. Sex did not have a significant impact on any of the scale's factors. Conclusion: ESEA produced valid and reliable data. Course-related characteristics, but not demographic characteristics, significantly affected the academic experience of students.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Notificações de óbitos por causas externas e violência contra idosos: uma realidade velada

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil da morbimortalidade da violência contra a pessoa idosa. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo de 14.900 notificações extraídas do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e de 18.228 casos do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM), de 2012 a 2017, do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Analisaram-se as notificações de violência segundo características das vítimas (sexo, faixa etária, raça/cor e escolaridade), da ocorrência (local, tipo de violência, características do agressor) e as variáveis referentes ao óbito (sexo, faixa etária, raça/cor, estado civil, local de ocorrência e causa do óbito). Resultados: Das notificações analisadas, 54,5% (8.116) das vítimas eram mulheres, 42,8% (6.384) brancos e 47,6% (7.082) com ensino fundamental incompleto/analfabeto. A violência física deu-se em 69,5% (10.356) dos casos, e o filho apresenta maior frequência no perfil de agressor, com 26,4% (3.928). Em relação aos óbitos por causas externas, 60,9% (11.096) eram homens, 37,4% (6.815) com mais de 80 anos, 54,9% (10.011) brancos e 37,7% (6.867) casados. O hospital é o local de óbito mais relatado, 64% (11.664). Óbitos por outras causas externas: 42,5% (7.741), sendo as quedas 32,4% (5.897) do total. Conclusão: As principais vítimas são as mulheres idosas, com baixa escolaridade, e de violência física perpetrada, principalmente, pelo filho, porém aqueles que vêm a óbito com mais frequência são os homens idosos, tendo como principal causa as quedas e os acidentes de transporte

The Role of Religion, Wealth, and Livelihoods in the Hunting Practices of Urban and Rural Inhabitants in Western Amazonia

Hunting by rural and urban populations is essential for securing access to protein and other nutrients throughout the tropics. The hunting patterns of urban hunters in Amazonia, and the similarities with those of rural hunters, are unclear, as are the social factors that influence hunting practices. We analyze the effects of socioeconomic and cultural factors on hunting frequency and composition of species hunted by urban and rural Amazonian hunters. We interviewed 49 urban hunters and 57 rural hunters within 10 municipalities in western Amazonia in Brazil. A total of 44 species were cited as hunted. Our analyses show that the probability of engaging in sport hunting (for recreation) is greater among urban hunters. Rural inhabitants, hunters with lower monetary incomes, and hunters who were non-practicing Christians and atheists hunted more frequently. The composition of species hunted was similar, regardless of the hunters’ livelihood (rural or urban) or religion. We found that hunting frequency is influenced by hunters’ socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds, but these factors do not affect the composition of the harvest. This similarity between urban and rural hunters might be related to species distribution and availability and could potentially impact the most hunted species if hunting grounds overlap. Understanding hunting patterns, especially those of urban hunters, allows for more effective hunting management strategies, improvements in law enforcement against illegal hunting, as well as development of more effective and sustainable conservation actions

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Effect of remote ischaemic conditioning on clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI): a single-blind randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Remote ischaemic conditioning with transient ischaemia and reperfusion applied to the arm has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). We investigated whether remote ischaemic conditioning could reduce the incidence of cardiac death and hospitalisation for heart failure at 12 months. METHODS: We did an international investigator-initiated, prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled trial (CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI) at 33 centres across the UK, Denmark, Spain, and Serbia. Patients (age >18 years) with suspected STEMI and who were eligible for PPCI were randomly allocated (1:1, stratified by centre with a permuted block method) to receive standard treatment (including a sham simulated remote ischaemic conditioning intervention at UK sites only) or remote ischaemic conditioning treatment (intermittent ischaemia and reperfusion applied to the arm through four cycles of 5-min inflation and 5-min deflation of an automated cuff device) before PPCI. Investigators responsible for data collection and outcome assessment were masked to treatment allocation. The primary combined endpoint was cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure at 12 months in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02342522) and is completed. FINDINGS: Between Nov 6, 2013, and March 31, 2018, 5401 patients were randomly allocated to either the control group (n=2701) or the remote ischaemic conditioning group (n=2700). After exclusion of patients upon hospital arrival or loss to follow-up, 2569 patients in the control group and 2546 in the intervention group were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. At 12 months post-PPCI, the Kaplan-Meier-estimated frequencies of cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure (the primary endpoint) were 220 (8·6%) patients in the control group and 239 (9·4%) in the remote ischaemic conditioning group (hazard ratio 1·10 [95% CI 0·91-1·32], p=0·32 for intervention versus control). No important unexpected adverse events or side effects of remote ischaemic conditioning were observed. INTERPRETATION: Remote ischaemic conditioning does not improve clinical outcomes (cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure) at 12 months in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI. FUNDING: British Heart Foundation, University College London Hospitals/University College London Biomedical Research Centre, Danish Innovation Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, TrygFonden

In the time of the butterflies: a novel/ Alvares

325 hal.; 22 c

[pt] PULSÃO: UM CONCEITO LIMITE ENTRE FREUD E REICH

Nesta dissertação o conceito freudiano de pulsão é articulado com a teoria econômico-sexual de Reich. Sob a ótica deste autor a pulsão ganha uma nova leitura que permite rediscutir este conceito sob um viés orgânico-energético. Assim, Reich desenvolve a teoria da libido de Freud, buscando demonstrar que a libido frustrada em sua finalidade (estase libidinal) constitui a fonte de energia que alimenta as neuroses. Em relação à pulsão de morte, Reich argumenta contra a ideia de haver no ser vivo um impulso à morte e, por conseguinte, contra a noção de um masoquismo erógeno, uma autodestruição primária. Dessa forma, ao desconsiderar a primazia da pulsão de morte, o dualismo pulsional, na visão reichiana, também não se sustentaria.In this thesis the Freudian concept of drive is linked to Reich s sex-economy theory. From the perspective of this author the concept of drive (Trieb) acquires a new interpretation that allows to revisit this concept in an organic-energy view. Reich developed Freud s libido theory, seeking to demonstrate that a frustrated libido (libidinal stasis) is the source of energy supplying the neurosis. Regarding the death drive, Reich argues against the idea of a natural impetus to death and therefore against the notion of an erogenous masochism, a primary self-destruction. Thus, the Reichian vision disregards the primacy of the death drive and rejects the instinctual dualism

Cohomology of partial smash products

We define the partial group cohomology as the right derived functor of the functor of partial invariants, we relate this cohomology with partial derivations and with the partial augmentation ideal and we show that there exists a Grothendieck spectral sequence relating cohomology of partial smash products with partial group cohomology and algebra cohomology.Fil: Ribeiro Alvares, Edson. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Muniz Alves, Marcelo. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Redondo, Maria Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Matemática Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Matemática. Instituto de Matemática Bahía Blanca; Argentin